Contents

• • Abstract
  • Acknowledgements
  
  
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Introduction
  • Thesis Outline
  
  
• Mössbauer Spectroscopy
  • The Mössbauer Effect
    • Recoil and Line Broadening
    • Recoil-Free Events
    • Resolution
  • Mössbauer Spectroscopy
  • Hyperfine Interactions
    • Center Shift
    • Electric Quadrupole Splitting
    • Magnetic Hyperfine Splitting
    • Combined Magnetic and Quadrupole Interactions
    • Spectrum Line Intensities
  • Relaxation Phenomena
  • Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy
    • CEMS Decay Scheme
    • Depth Dependence
  
  
• Magnetometry
  • Magnetic Measurements
    • Magnetic Moments
    • Magnetisation
    • Magnetic Response
    • Background Contributions
  • Hysteresis
    • Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
    • Ferromagnetism
    • Remanence
    • Coercivity
  • Antiferromagnetism
  • Temperature Dependence
  • SQUID Magnetometry
    • Electron-pair Waves
    • Josephson Tunnelling
    • Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)
    • SQUID Magnetometer
  
  
• Experimental Techniques
  • Mössbauer Spectrometers
    • Gamma-ray Source
    • Basic Mössbauer Spectrometer
    • CEMS
  • Data Analysis
    • Minimisation
    • Fitting Routines
    • Calibration
  • SQUID Magnetometer
    • Magnetometer Overview
    • RSO Measurements
  
  
• Magnetic Interactions
  • Magnetic Anisotropy
  • Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy
    • Uniaxial Anisotropy
    • Interface and Volume Anisotropy
    • Single-ion Anisotropy
    • Shape Anisotropy
    • Exchange Interaction and Exchange Anisotropy
  • Magnetostriction
    • Magneto-elastic Anisotropy
  • The RKKY Interaction
  
  
• Binary Laves Phase Multilayers and Thin Films
  • Introduction to Rare Earth/Iron Laves Phase Systems
    • Bulk Properties
    • Thin Films and Multilayers
    • Sample Construction
  • RFe Thin Films
    • Determining the Magnetic Easy Axis
    • DyFe
    • YFe
    • HoFe
  • DyFe/Dy Multilayers
  • DyFe/YFe Multilayers
    • Introduction
    • Results
  
  
• / and / Magnetic Multilayers: Ce/Fe and U/Fe
  • Ce/Fe Multilayers
    • Temperature vs Magnetisation Scans
    • Estimation of Coupling Constant,
    • Hysteresis Loops
  • U/Fe Multilayers
    • CEMS Results
  
  
• Magnetic Iron Oxides
  • Introduction to Magnetite
  • Printer Toner Powders
    • Introduction
    • Results
  • Single Crystal FeO Thin Films
    • Introduction
    • Results
  
  
• Concluding Remarks
• Publications
• Bibliography
• About this document ...