Magnetic Measurements

The principle aim of magnetometry is to measure the magnetisation (either intrinsic or induced by an applied field) of a material. This can be achieved in a number of ways utilising various magnetic phenomena. The various types of magnetometer fall within two categories:

1. Measuring the force acting on a sample in an inhomogeneous magnetic field
   • Magnetic balance
   • Magnetic pendulum
2. Measuring the magnetic field produced by a sample.
   • Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
   • Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)

Magnetometry data in this thesis has been recorded using a SQUID, the theoretical principles of which are outlined in Section 3.5 and the physical details in Section 4.3.