-- GedminasElertas - 19 Apr 2021
MAGIS-100 paper:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.02835
Abstract: MAGIS-100 is a next-generation quantum sensor under construction at Fermilab that aims to explore fundamental physics with atom interferometry over a 100-meter baseline. This novel detector will search for ultralight dark matter, test quantum mechanics in new regimes, and serve as a technology pathfinder for future gravitational wave detectors in a previously unexplored frequency band. It combines techniques demonstrated in state-of-the-art 10-meter-scale atom interferometers with the latest technological advances of the world's best atomic clocks. MAGIS-100 will provide a development platform for a future kilometer-scale detector that would be sufficiently sensitive to detect gravitational waves from known sources. Here we present the science case for the MAGIS concept, review the operating principles of the detector, describe the instrument design, and study the detector systematics.
AION paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11755 Abstract: We outline the experimental concept and key scientific capabilities of AION (Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network), a proposed UK-based experimental programme using cold strontium atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, to explore gravitational waves in the mid-frequency range between the peak sensitivities of the LISA and LIGO/Virgo/ KAGRA/INDIGO/Einstein Telescope/Cosmic Explorer experiments, and to probe other frontiers in fundamental physics. AION would complement other planned searches for dark matter, as well as probe mergers involving intermediate mass black holes and explore early universe cosmology. AION would share many technical features with the MAGIS experimental programme in the US, and synergies would flow from operating AION in a network with this experiment, as well as with other atom interferometer experiments such as MIGA, ZAIGA and ELGAR. Operating AION in a network with other gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, Virgo and LISA would also offer many synergies.
AEDGE paper: https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-020-0080-0 Abstract: We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity.
A scalable high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.5141340 Abstract: We report on the design, construction, and characterization of a 10 m-long high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. We achieve residual fields below 4 nT and longitudinal inhomogeneities below 2.5 nT/m over 8 m along the longitudinal direction. Our modular design can be extended to longer baselines without compromising the shielding performance. Such a setup constrains biases associated with magnetic field gradients to the sub-pm/s2 level in atomic matterwave accelerometry with rubidium atoms and paves the way toward tests of the universality of free fall with atomic test masses beyond the 10−13 level.
Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.138501 Abstract: A Bose-Einstein condensate is used as an atomic source for a high precision sensor. A 5×106 atom F=1 spinor condensate of 87Rb is released into free fall for up to 750ms and probed with a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer based on Bragg transitions. The Bragg interferometer simultaneously addresses the three magnetic states, |mf=1,0,−1⟩, facilitating a simultaneous measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with an asymptotic precision of 2.1×10−9Δg/g and the magnetic field gradient to a precision 8pT/m.
Spin precession experiments for light axionic dark matter https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.055006 Abstract: Axionlike particles are promising candidates to make up the dark matter of the Universe, but it is challenging to design experiments that can detect them over their entire allowed mass range. Dark matter in general, and, in particular, axionlike particles and hidden photons, can be as light as roughly 10−22 eV (∼10−8 Hz), with astrophysical anomalies providing motivation for the lightest masses (“fuzzy dark matter”). We propose experimental techniques for direct detection of axionlike dark matter in the mass range from roughly 10−13 eV (∼102 Hz) down to the lowest possible masses. In this range, these axionlike particles act as a time-oscillating magnetic field coupling only to spin, inducing effects such as a time oscillating torque and periodic variations in the spin-precession frequency with the frequency and direction of these effects set by the axion field. We describe how these signals can be measured using existing experimental technology, including torsion pendulums, atomic magnetometers, and atom interferometry. These experiments demonstrate a strong discovery capability, with future iterations of these experiments capable of pushing several orders of magnitude past current astrophysical bounds.
Axions https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-540-73518-2 Book on Axions, has astronomical limits on axion masses and coupling constants.
Sr-87 Lattice Clock with Inaccuracy below 10^-15 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.083002
AION paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11755 Abstract: We outline the experimental concept and key scientific capabilities of AION (Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network), a proposed UK-based experimental programme using cold strontium atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, to explore gravitational waves in the mid-frequency range between the peak sensitivities of the LISA and LIGO/Virgo/ KAGRA/INDIGO/Einstein Telescope/Cosmic Explorer experiments, and to probe other frontiers in fundamental physics. AION would complement other planned searches for dark matter, as well as probe mergers involving intermediate mass black holes and explore early universe cosmology. AION would share many technical features with the MAGIS experimental programme in the US, and synergies would flow from operating AION in a network with this experiment, as well as with other atom interferometer experiments such as MIGA, ZAIGA and ELGAR. Operating AION in a network with other gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, Virgo and LISA would also offer many synergies.
AEDGE paper: https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-020-0080-0 Abstract: We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity.
A scalable high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.5141340 Abstract: We report on the design, construction, and characterization of a 10 m-long high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. We achieve residual fields below 4 nT and longitudinal inhomogeneities below 2.5 nT/m over 8 m along the longitudinal direction. Our modular design can be extended to longer baselines without compromising the shielding performance. Such a setup constrains biases associated with magnetic field gradients to the sub-pm/s2 level in atomic matterwave accelerometry with rubidium atoms and paves the way toward tests of the universality of free fall with atomic test masses beyond the 10−13 level.
Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.138501 Abstract: A Bose-Einstein condensate is used as an atomic source for a high precision sensor. A 5×106 atom F=1 spinor condensate of 87Rb is released into free fall for up to 750ms and probed with a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer based on Bragg transitions. The Bragg interferometer simultaneously addresses the three magnetic states, |mf=1,0,−1⟩, facilitating a simultaneous measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with an asymptotic precision of 2.1×10−9Δg/g and the magnetic field gradient to a precision 8pT/m.
Spin precession experiments for light axionic dark matter https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.055006 Abstract: Axionlike particles are promising candidates to make up the dark matter of the Universe, but it is challenging to design experiments that can detect them over their entire allowed mass range. Dark matter in general, and, in particular, axionlike particles and hidden photons, can be as light as roughly 10−22 eV (∼10−8 Hz), with astrophysical anomalies providing motivation for the lightest masses (“fuzzy dark matter”). We propose experimental techniques for direct detection of axionlike dark matter in the mass range from roughly 10−13 eV (∼102 Hz) down to the lowest possible masses. In this range, these axionlike particles act as a time-oscillating magnetic field coupling only to spin, inducing effects such as a time oscillating torque and periodic variations in the spin-precession frequency with the frequency and direction of these effects set by the axion field. We describe how these signals can be measured using existing experimental technology, including torsion pendulums, atomic magnetometers, and atom interferometry. These experiments demonstrate a strong discovery capability, with future iterations of these experiments capable of pushing several orders of magnitude past current astrophysical bounds.
Axions https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-540-73518-2 Book on Axions, has astronomical limits on axion masses and coupling constants.
Sr-87 Lattice Clock with Inaccuracy below 10^-15 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.083002
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