<div id="content"> <h3> VELO Facts </h3> <ul> <li> VELO stands for VErtex LOcator <li> The VELO project started in 1997. <li> The VELO consists of 42 modules arranged in two "halves" (each half holds 21 modules). <li> The VELO halves move to within 7mm of the LHC proton beams during data taking (and retract afterwards). <li> Each VELO module can detect the position of a charged particle passing through it to an accuracy of up to 0.00001 m <li> The modules are assembled in one of the cleanest places on earth - a class 100 cleanroom (criteria: less than 100 particles of dust per cubic foot of air) <li> Each module contains 50m of wire to connect the electrical components together. <li> It takes about 1000 hours to make one module (200 hours of commercial part manufacture and about 800 hours of assembly and testing). <li> Each module costs about 10 000 GBP (materials cost - the real cost including labour, design and prototyping would be much higher) </ul> <h3>Who's involved in the VELO </h3> <ul> <li> CERN <li> Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne <li> NIKHEF <li> Syracuse University <li> University of Glasgow <li> University of Heidelberg <li> Univeristy of Liverpool </ul> <h3> Commercial companies involved </h3> <ul> <li> Ceramaseal, USA: connectors for feed through flanges. <li> Flexible Technology Ltd., UK: cable manufacture. <li> GS Praezisions AG, Switzerland: cable manufacture. <li> Hawk Electronics, UK: hybrid population. <li> Hositrad Holland, Netherlands: feed through flanges for cables. <li> Micron semiconductor, UK: sensor manufacture. <li> Swagelok Nederland BV, Netherlands: cooling system. <li> Shell, Netherlands: CO2 transport capillaries. <li> Siemens, Germany: PLCs. <li> Stevenage Circuits, UK: hybrid lamination. <li> Thermo Vacuum Generators, UK: vacuum vessel manufacture. <li> Wagenaar Koeltechniek, Netherlands: freon cooler. </ul> </div>