{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Lecture 3\n",
    "<!-- ToC -->"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "-Uploading files to CoCalc: [>>](#Uploading-files-to-CoCalc)  \n",
    "-Including images: [>>](#Including-images)  \n",
    "-Code and markdown cells: [>>](#Code-and-markdown-cells)  \n",
    "-Lists: [>>](#Lists)  \n",
    "-Tuples: [>>](#Tuples)  \n",
    "-NumPy arrays: [>>](#NumPy-arrays)  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Uploading files to CoCalc\n",
    "\n",
    "Use the *upload* button!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Including images\n",
    "\n",
    "The simplest way is to use markdown.\n",
    "\n",
    "![](Jasper.jpg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you need to change the size, use an *html* image (`img`).\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"Jasper.jpg\" style=\"width:40%\">\n",
    "\n",
    "If you want to do something a bit more exotic, use an *html* `figure`.\n",
    "<figure>\n",
    "<img src=\"Jasper.jpg\" style=\"width:20%\">\n",
    "<img src=\"Superman.jpg\" style=\"width:20%\">\n",
    "<figcaption>Figure 1: Jasper with seaweed (left) and superman (right).</figcaption>\n",
    "</figure> "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Code and markdown cells\n",
    "\n",
    "Switch between these using *cell* menu commands or the shortcuts:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Convert to markown, *Esc*, *m*, *Enter*.\n",
    "* Convert to code, *Esc*, *y*. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists\n",
    "\n",
    "Create a list:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list = [3, 1.0, 'green', 'eggs']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "this_list = [3, 1.0, 'green', \"eggs\"]\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list =\",this_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Access list elements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[2] = green\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[2] =\",this_list[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Add list elements:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[0] + this_list[1] = 4.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[0] + this_list[1] =\",this_list[0] + this_list[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "But what \"+\" means depends on the type of the elements!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[2] + this_list[3] = greeneggs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[2] + this_list[3] =\",this_list[2] + this_list[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Need to put in space (\" \" or ' ') explicitly!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3] = green eggs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3] =\",this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And \"+\" won't work if it doesn't make sense!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-6-1662dc3a6daf>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\" \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"this_list[1] + this_list[2] =\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthis_list\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthis_list\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[1] + this_list[2] =\",this_list[1] + this_list[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Change an element:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3] = cream eggs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "this_list[2] = \"cream\"\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3] =\",this_list[2] + ' ' + this_list[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_list[2] + this_list[3] = cream eggs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "this_list[2] = \"cream \"\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_list[2] + this_list[3] =\",this_list[2] + this_list[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuples\n",
    "\n",
    "Create a tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "The contents of this tuple are (3, 1, 'green', 'eggs')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "this_tuple = (3, 1, \"green\", \"eggs\")\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"The contents of this tuple are\", this_tuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Access tuple elements:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_tuple[2] = green\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_tuple[2] =\",this_tuple[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Add tuple elements:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "this_tuple[0] + this_tuple[1] = 4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_tuple[0] + this_tuple[1] =\",this_tuple[0] + this_tuple[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Cannot change the contents of a tuple!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-12-285416fc0db8>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mthis_tuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"cream\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\" \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"this_tuple[2] + ' ' + this_tuple[3] =\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthis_tuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m' '\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthis_tuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "this_tuple[2] = \"cream\"\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"this_tuple[2] + ' ' + this_tuple[3] =\",this_tuple[2] + ' ' + this_tuple[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## NumPy arrays\n",
    "\n",
    "Import `numpy`!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create array from list:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "This numpy array is [ 1.   1.2 -4.1]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "array_list = np.array([1.0, 1.2, -4.1])\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"This numpy array is\",array_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Access array elements:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "array_list[0] = 1.0\n",
      " \n",
      "array_list[1] = 1.2\n",
      " \n",
      "array_list[1] + array_list[2] = -2.8999999999999995\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_list[0] =\",array_list[0])\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_list[1] =\",array_list[1])\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_list[1] + array_list[2] =\",array_list[1] + array_list[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\"Add\" elements:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "array_new_list = ['1.0' 'cheese' '-17.0']\n",
      " \n",
      "array_new_list[1] + array_new_list[2] = cheese-17.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "array_new_list = np.array([1.0, \"cheese\", -17.0])\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_new_list =\",array_new_list)\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_new_list[1] + array_new_list[2] =\",array_new_list[1] + array_new_list[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " \n",
      "array_list[1] = 7.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 7\n",
    "array_list[1] = x\n",
    "print(\" \")\n",
    "print(\"array_list[1] =\",array_list[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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