Hamamatsu vs SGS Thomson Layer00 detectors
Strip Failures | @ 50V | @ 100V | Comments
SGS Thomson (~2.5 detectors measured) | 2.8% | 3.7% | Those failing at 100V do not subsequently hold any voltage. See example
|
Hamamatsu | <0.5% | <0.5% | We have no reason to disagree with the manufacturers own results which indicate <0.1% See example
| |
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Specifications: < 1.28% bad strips. Max bad strips: 2 (type A), 1 (type B) > 100V coupling capacitor breakdown |
NOTE:
| Some of the detectors/regions studied show the very long time constant
behaviour (as measured in Liverpool and by Ronan and Tara at FNAL). For these we cannot measure the strip failures as at short times the currents are up to mA levels (these are not included in the bad-strip estimates). This behaviour
needs further studies as there is clearly some associated `memory' with
strips which have been held at high voltage for any length of time,
subsequently showing much faster recovery from the application of high
voltage. |
Strip Resistance | Total (Ohms) | Ohms/cm | Comments
SGS Thomson | 280 | 36 | Out of specifications
|
Hamamatsu | 190 | 24 |  
| |
|
Specification: < 30 Ohms/cm |
I-V characteristics | Reverse current @ 350V [nA] | Reverse current @ 500V [nA] | Comments
SGS Thomson "Type B" | ~15 | ~20 |  
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Hamamatsu "Type B" | ~50 | ~50 |  
| |
|
Specification: 4uA (type A) , < 2uA (type B) |
NOTE:
| SGS Thomson values look remarkably low (here you find the plot).
Anyway, after irradiation the current is dominated by the induced defects
in the substrate so starting currents are not terribly significant.
|
Bias-resistor Values | Det. #1 [kOhms] | Det. #2 [kOhms] | Det. #3 [kOhms] | Comments
SGS Thomson | 760+/-20 | 800+/-20 | 840+/-20 | Out of specification
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Hamamatsu | 2400+/-100 | 2400+/-100 | 2400+/-100 |  
| |
|
Specification: 2.5 +/- 0.5 MOhms |
NOTE:
| We measured very low resistor values on the 4th detector (30-40 kOhms). Actually, this result was obtained after the strip quality measurement, when a bias of -100 V was put through the coupling capacitors. Measuring the resistors with the voltage across the oxide resulted in this low value. Grounding the strips and repeating the measurement resulted in a resistor value in good agreement with that reported above.
|
Interstrip Capacitance | pF cm-1 | Comments
SGS Thomson | ~ 0.8 | See note
|
Hamamatsu | ~ 1 | See note
| |
|
Specification: < 1.2 pF cm -1 interstrip capacitance (The total capacitive load will also include a ~0.2 pF cm-1 contribution to the
backplane.) |
NOTE:
| The interstrip capacitance is genuinely lower for the SGS Thomson at the frequencies we can study
(it looks to get closer to the Hamamatsu values at higher frequency:see plot).
There is voltage dependence but a resonable estimate is 1pF/cm for the Hamamatsu
and 0.8pF/cm for the SGS Thomson.
ATLAS results after irradiation showed that <100> material such as
Thomson may be using did show a lower interstrip capacitance than the
<111> used by Hamamatsu but with a very strong frequency dependence.
The difference reduces with frequency and as far as the actual
results with fast electronics are concerned (ie at 40MHz) no appreciable difference in
noise was observable for irradiated detectors. |
Full depletion voltage:
|
We have not checked the depletion voltages. We know these are supposed
to be well over 100V for the SGS Thomson but this would not in itself a major
issue except that the capacitors are not rated to the required depletion
voltages. For Hamamatsu all the results on strip failures are at 100V
which is well above the required operating voltage of the detectors. |
Specification: 60V < V_dep <100V |
FINAL REMARKS
-
Over 2 dozen Hamamatsu detectors to these designs (but much larger
area) have been irradiated by ATLAS in charged hadrons at the CERN and KEK
PS machines with doses of 3 1014 p cm-2. All devices have survived and
simply show the expected rise in depletion voltage and reverse currents.
Most of these detectors have been studied after irradiation with ATLAS
fast read-out and so the noise and any failures on the 768 strips have
been looked for. The detector satisfy the ATLAS stringent specifications
which include the requirement that the number of strips failing after
irradiation remains below 1%.
Devices have also been irradiated with neutrons but charged hadrons are
mostly what we get in the experiment and the differences are relevant.
Has any similar systematic post-irradiation studies been carried
out on SGS Thomson detectors using charged hadrons?
- All detectors supplied by Hamamatsu have been put by the company
through a rigorous measurement programme and we know from ATLAS that the
Hamamatsu QA is completely reliable. Micron are also to be trusted in
terms of their measurement QA.
What is the SGS Thomson QA?
- Other companies (most notable SEIKO for BELLE) have attempted to start
up in this business and all of them have failed for the
first one or two iterations to get devices that work. SEIKO were dropped
by BELLE because of this. Even for a good company there is a
learning curve and on this basis the SGS Thomson results look pretty
good for a first iteration.